verticity
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This a a poster presented by Dr. Schmidt in 2006 that summarizes the findings of in-vitro toxicity by kava extracts. This is relevant to both our recent "liver" and "tudei" discussions here...
It is important to note that these findings are for solvent extracts, not for kava traditionally prepared with water, and they are in vitro (in a test tube) experiments, not tests of living animals or humans.
In short, he found neither noble nor tudei kava extract showed signs of toxicity at physiologically relevant dosages. However at somewhat higher concentrations than would be consumed, he found "borderline" indications of toxicity for tudei extract. Also the comparison of acetonic vs. ethanolic extracts showed that acetonic extracts showed greater indication of potential toxicity, for both noble and tudei, again at somewhat higher than physiological doses, however ethanol (alcohol) extracts of noble kava showed no toxicity whatsoever. Also he found evidence on one indicator that extract from tudei peelings might be marginally more toxic than the root extract.
Table summarizing results. Items in yellow are "borderline" indicators of toxicity. "NR" and "NP": Noble roots and peelings, "TR", "TP": Tudei roots and peelings. Note in this table that in general larger numbers are "good" and lower numbers are "bad"
Quote:
It is important to note that these findings are for solvent extracts, not for kava traditionally prepared with water, and they are in vitro (in a test tube) experiments, not tests of living animals or humans.
In short, he found neither noble nor tudei kava extract showed signs of toxicity at physiologically relevant dosages. However at somewhat higher concentrations than would be consumed, he found "borderline" indications of toxicity for tudei extract. Also the comparison of acetonic vs. ethanolic extracts showed that acetonic extracts showed greater indication of potential toxicity, for both noble and tudei, again at somewhat higher than physiological doses, however ethanol (alcohol) extracts of noble kava showed no toxicity whatsoever. Also he found evidence on one indicator that extract from tudei peelings might be marginally more toxic than the root extract.
Table summarizing results. Items in yellow are "borderline" indicators of toxicity. "NR" and "NP": Noble roots and peelings, "TR", "TP": Tudei roots and peelings. Note in this table that in general larger numbers are "good" and lower numbers are "bad"
Quote:
"No toxicity could be found for regular kava qualities (roots from noble kava). Otherwise the relative toxicity was as expected from experience in traditional use:
Noble kava, roots < Noble kava, peelings ≤ Tudei kava, roots ≈ Tudei kava, peelings.
..
In all test models used the test results were far above relevant dose ranges, with the exception of some borderline results for peelings from Tudei kava and ATP assays with acetonic extracts from noble kava.
Conclusions:
No liver cell toxicity in a relevant dosage range could be detected for standardized ethanolic and acetonic kava extracts prepared from cultivars acceptable for daily kava drinking in the South Pacific. However, the possibility of toxicity induced by chronic ingestion of Tudei kava still needs to be addressed in vivo."
Noble kava, roots < Noble kava, peelings ≤ Tudei kava, roots ≈ Tudei kava, peelings.
..
In all test models used the test results were far above relevant dose ranges, with the exception of some borderline results for peelings from Tudei kava and ATP assays with acetonic extracts from noble kava.
Conclusions:
No liver cell toxicity in a relevant dosage range could be detected for standardized ethanolic and acetonic kava extracts prepared from cultivars acceptable for daily kava drinking in the South Pacific. However, the possibility of toxicity induced by chronic ingestion of Tudei kava still needs to be addressed in vivo."
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