It's all a matter of perspective and frankly in my opinion somewhat irrelevant to the big picture. First off, there is the argument that K@ is illegal in some of its countries of origin (notice it is not banned in all of these...) simply because it was so effective at weaning people off of opiates, and thus threatening the opium industry during that time. IN fact, in Thailand there has recently been much talk of lifting the ban for precisely that reason-- that it saves lives and fights addiction. well over 100 studies have been done on K@, granted many are old and many are not focused on humans, but all that tells us is that we don't know. Lack of knowledge can not serve as knowledge, only as an incentive to "play it safe" which is valid but not scientific proof of danger. Kava and K@ should not be portrayed in the same way. Many would argue that kava has a place in the world as a recreational substance, while with K@ the argument is that K@ has it's place as a primarily medicinal substance. We could spend ages arguing over which substance has the potential to save more lives, but the truth is that both of these plants DO in fact save lives... Most people I have met that use K@ did so to manage an illness without the use of opiates or benzos, antidepressants etc. We have a massive opiate problem here in America, and while it would be nice if kava could help everyone get off of opiates, that is nothing more than wishful thinking. K@ demonstrates a far better potential for getting people off of deadly opiate medications/illicit opiates than kava does, and one could debate whether the same is true for its efficacy being better than kava for overcoming alcoholism. I have heard so many stories of families falling apart that were brought back to a good place because of K@. Despite the fact that there are more kava users than K@ users, I have seen far more stories of people on the brink of their own demise being saved by K@ than kava. In fact the one consistent element of every K@ success story I have seen is that it allows people to become productive members of society again, when before they couldn't. I am not discounting kava's potential in the least, but I would say its silly to argue over whether a substance that has some addiction potential (ambiguous term, I've never heard of someone prostituting for K@, or unable to keep a job while using it like one might for other addictive substances) but no fatalities and enables people to function in society when they otherwise could not (look for all the stories of veterans with PTSD saying K@ gave them their life back) is somehow inherently inferior to kava. And then their is the fact that kava is probably more likely to cause a dangerous reaction with medications, thus making it dangerous in rare scenarios (but still just as legitimate as any other) So at best you can argue that they have different uses, but you cannot argue that one is more valuable to humans than the other.